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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">ln</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><div class="infobox-caption">Example usage of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ln</code> utility</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="AT%26T_Bell_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="AT&T Bell Laboratories">AT&T Bell Laboratories</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Various <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> and <a href="Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">commercial</a> developers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">November 3, 1971<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1971-11-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, <a href="Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a>, <a href="IBM_i" title="IBM i">IBM i</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">Command</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Coreutils" class="mw-redirect" title="Coreutils">coreutils</a>: <a href="GPLv3%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="GPLv3+">GPLv3+</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ln</code></b> is a <a href="Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">shell</a> <a href="Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">command</a> for creating a link file to an existing <a href="Computer_file" title="Computer file">file</a> or <a href="Computer_directory" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer directory">directory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNIXKP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNIXKP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By default, the command creates a <a href="Hard_link" title="Hard link">hard link</a>, but with the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-s</code> <a href="Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command line</a> option, it creates a <a href="Symbolic_link" title="Symbolic link">symbolic link</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most systems disallow a hard link to a directory since such links could disrupt the structure of a <a href="File_system" title="File system">file system</a> and interfere with the operation of other utilities.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The command can create a symbolic link to non-existent file.<sup id="cite_ref-GNULnman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GNULnman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The command appeared in Issue 2 of the <a href="X/Open" title="X/Open">X/Open</a> Portability Guidelines.<sup id="cite_ref-SUS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The version in <a href="GNU_Core_Utilities" title="GNU Core Utilities">GNU Core Utilities</a> was written by Mike Parker and David MacKenzie.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

The command is available in <a href="Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> via <a href="UnxUtils" title="UnxUtils">UnxUtils</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been ported to <a href="IBM_i" title="IBM i">IBM i</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Links">Links</h2></div>

<p>A link allows more than one <a href="File_path" class="mw-redirect" title="File path">path</a> to refer to the same file.

</p><p>A hard link is a directory entry that refers to a file's <a href="Inode" title="Inode">inode</a> (an internal <a href="Reference_(computer_science)" title="Reference (computer science)">reference</a>). A file can have multiple hard links – each referring to the same <a href="Inode" title="Inode">inode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-libc_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Creating a hard link does not copy the contents of the file; but merely causes another name to be associated with the same content. When a hard link is created for a file, a <a href="Reference_counting#File_systems" title="Reference counting">counter</a> in its inode is incremented, and removing a hard link results in decrementing the counter. A file is not deleted (to allow reusing its storage space) until its reference count reaches zero.<sup id="cite_ref-UNIXKP_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNIXKP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IBMInode_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBMInode-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A hard link can only refer to an object on the same <a href="File_system" title="File system">file system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A symbolic link refers to another file by its path (a symbolic reference).<sup id="cite_ref-GNULnman_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GNULnman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When encountered during pathname resolution, modify the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap04.html#tag_04_13">pathname resolution</a> to be taken to the location which the symbolic link contains. The content of a symbolic link is the target path, which can also be examined via the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">readlink</code> command.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A symbolic link may specify a path that does not refer to an existing file. Resolving such a symbolic link will fail until a file is created at its specified path. Also, a symbolic link to an existing file will fail to resolve if the file is moved.<sup id="cite_ref-libc_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>Per the <a href="Single_Unix_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Unix Specification">Single Unix Specification</a>, the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ln</code> command is specified in the Shell and Utilities (XCU) document.<sup id="cite_ref-SUSOverview_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUSOverview-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> includes a similar specification.<sup id="cite_ref-SUS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>If neither target file nor target directory are specified, links are created in the current <a href="Working_directory" title="Working directory">working directory</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Options">Options</h3></div>

<p>The specification indicates command line options that must be supported:

</p>

<ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-f</code> (force) <a href="Clobbering" title="Clobbering">Clobbers</a> an existing file if the output path specifies an existing file</li>

<li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-L</code> If a source operand specifies a symbolic link, create a hard link to the link's target file</li>

<li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-P</code> If a source operand specifies a symbolic link, create a hard link to the symbolic link file</li>

<li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-s</code> Create symbolic links instead of hard links; causes <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-L</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-P</code> to be silently ignored</li></ul>

<p>If more than one of the mutually-exclusive options <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-L</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-P</code> is specified, the last option specified determines the resulting behavior.

</p><p>If the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-s</code> option is not specified and neither a <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-L</code> nor a <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-P</code> option is specified, the implementation defines which of the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-L</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">-P</code> options is used by default.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single_file_invocation">Single file invocation</h3></div>

<p>The command creates a new link to the path indicated by <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">source</code>; stored at the path indicated by <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">target</code>. The syntax is as follows:

</p>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>ln [-fs] [-L|-P] source target

</pre></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multiple_file_invocation">Multiple file invocation</h3></div>

<p>The command creates a new link to each file specified by the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">source_#</code> operands; stored in an existing directory indicated by <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">target_dir</code>.

</p>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>ln [-fs] [-L|-P] source_1 source_2 ... target_dir

</pre></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>The following creates a hard link to file <b>foo</b> called <b>bar</b>.

</p>

<pre>ln foo bar

</pre>

<p>The following creates a symbolic link to file <b>foo</b> called <b>bar</b>.

</p>

<pre>ln -s foo bar

</pre>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_POSIX_commands" title="List of POSIX commands">List of POSIX commands</a></li>

<li><a href="NTFS_junction_point" class="mw-redirect" title="NTFS junction point">NTFS junction point</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFKernighanPike1984" class="citation book cs1">Kernighan, Brian W.; Pike, Rob (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unixprogramminge0000kern/page/59"><i>The Unix programming environment</i></a></span>. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unixprogramminge0000kern/page/59">59</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>013937681X</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/ln.html">"ln - The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7"</a>. <i>pubs.opengroup.org</i>. The IEEE and The Open Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/22394/why-hard-links-not-allowed-to-directories-in-unix-linux?rq=1">"Why are hard links not allowed to directories in UNIX/Linux?"</a>. <i>unix.stackexchange.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-GNULnman-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GNULnman_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GNULnman_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/ln-invocation.html">"GNU Coreutils: ln invocation"</a>. <i>gnu.org</i>. Free Software Foundation, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="neverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mankier.com/1/ln">ln(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> General Commands <a href="Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unxutils.sourceforge.net/">"Native Win32 ports of some GNU utilities"</a>. <i>unxutils.sourceforge.net</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-libc-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-libc_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-libc_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLoosemoreStallmanMcGrathOram" class="citation book cs1">Loosemore, Sandra; Stallman, Richard M.; McGrath, Roland; Oram, Andrew; Drepper, Ulrich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/pdf/libc.pdf"><i>The GNU C Library Reference Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Free Software Foundation, Inc. p. 392<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBovetCesati2005" class="citation book cs1">Bovet, Daniel P.; Cesati, Marco (2005). <i>Understanding the Linux Kernel</i> (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Safari Tech Books Online. p. 14. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0596005652</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="ReadlinkMan" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/readlink">"readlink(1) - Linux man page"</a>. <i>linux.die.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-SUSOverview-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SUSOverview_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unix.org/version4/overview.html">"The Single UNIX Specification, Version 4 - Overview"</a>. <i>unix.org</i>. unix.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Guide_to_Unix" class="extiw external" title="wikibooks:Guide to Unix">Guide to Unix</a></i> has a page on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Guide_to_Unix/Commands/File_System_Utilities#ln" class="extiw external" title="wikibooks:Guide to Unix/Commands/File System Utilities">File System Utilities - ln</a></b></i></div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><span class="neverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linux.die.net/man/1/ln">ln(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> User Commands <a href="Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></li>

<li><span class="neverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ln&sektion=1">ln(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> General Commands <a href="Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></li>

<li><span class="neverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://man.netbsd.org/ln.1">ln(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a> General Commands <a href="Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></li>

<li><span class="neverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://man.openbsd.org/ln.1">ln(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> General Commands <a href="Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></li>

<li><span class="neverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/ln.1.html">ln(1)</a></code></span> – <a href="Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> and <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> General Commands <a href="Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Unix_command-line_interface_programs_and_shell_builtins541" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> <a href="Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> programs and <a href="Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">shell builtins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Chattr" title="Chattr">chattr</a></li>

<li><a href="Chmod" title="Chmod">chmod</a></li>

<li><a href="Chown" title="Chown">chown</a></li>

<li><a href="Chgrp" title="Chgrp">chgrp</a></li>

<li><a href="Cksum" title="Cksum">cksum</a></li>

<li><a href="Fuser_(Unix)" title="Fuser (Unix)">fuser</a></li>

<li><a href="Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a></li>

<li><a href="Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a></li>

<li><a href="Split_(Unix)" title="Split (Unix)">split</a></li>

<li><a href="Touch_(command)" title="Touch (command)">touch</a></li>

<li><a href="Umask" title="Umask">umask</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cron" title="Cron">crontab</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Logname" title="Logname">logname</a></li>

<li><a href="Uname" title="Uname">uname</a></li>

<li><a href="Write_(Unix)" title="Write (Unix)">write</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Basename" title="Basename">basename</a></li>

<li><a href="Csplit" title="Csplit">csplit</a></li>

<li><a href="Dirname" title="Dirname">dirname</a></li>

<li><a href="Iconv" title="Iconv">iconv</a></li>

<li><a href="Paste_(Unix)" title="Paste (Unix)">paste</a></li>

<li><a href="Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix)">patch</a></li>

<li><a href="Printf_(Unix)" title="Printf (Unix)">printf</a></li>

<li><a href="Strings_(Unix)" title="Strings (Unix)">strings</a></li>

<li><a href="Troff" title="Troff">troff</a></li>

<li><a href="Xargs" title="Xargs">xargs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">Shell builtins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alias_(command)" title="Alias (command)">alias</a></li>

<li><a href="Environment_variable#unset_command" title="Environment variable">unset</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Searching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Ctags" title="Ctags">ctags</a></li>

<li><a href="Strip_(Unix)" title="Strip (Unix)">strip</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Sleep_(command)" title="Sleep (command)">sleep</a></li>

<li><a href="True_and_false_(commands)" title="True and false (commands)">true and false</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Categories</b>

<ul><li>Standard Unix programs</li>

<li>Unix SUS2008 utilities</li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="GNU_Core_Utilities_command-line_interface_programs98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="GNU_Core_Utilities_command-line_interface_programs98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="GNU_Core_Utilities" title="GNU Core Utilities">GNU Core Utilities</a> <a href="Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> programs</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>chcon</li>

<li><a href="Chmod" title="Chmod">chmod</a></li>

<li><a href="Chown" title="Chown">chown</a></li>

<li><a href="Chgrp" title="Chgrp">chgrp</a></li>

<li><a href="Cksum" title="Cksum">cksum</a></li>

<li>dircolors</li>

<li><a href="Install_(Unix)" title="Install (Unix)">install</a></li>

<li><a href="Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a></li>

<li><a href="Mkfifo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkfifo">mkfifo</a></li>

<li><a href="Mknod" class="mw-redirect" title="Mknod">mknod</a></li>

<li><a href="Mktemp" title="Mktemp">mktemp</a></li>

<li>realpath</li>

<li><a href="Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a></li>

<li><a href="Shred_(Unix)" title="Shred (Unix)">shred</a></li>

<li><a href="Touch_(command)" title="Touch (command)">touch</a></li>

<li><a href="Truncate" class="mw-redirect" title="Truncate">truncate</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cksum" title="Cksum">cksum</a></li>

<li><a href="Csplit" title="Csplit">csplit</a></li>

<li><a href="Expand_(Unix)" title="Expand (Unix)">expand</a></li>

<li>numfmt</li>

<li><a href="Paste_(Unix)" title="Paste (Unix)">paste</a></li>

<li><a href="Split_(Unix)" title="Split (Unix)">split</a></li>

<li><a href="Tsort" title="Tsort">tsort</a></li>

<li><a href="Unexpand" title="Unexpand">unexpand</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shell utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Basename" title="Basename">basename</a></li>

<li><a href="Chroot" title="Chroot">chroot</a></li>

<li><a href="Dirname" title="Dirname">dirname</a></li>

<li><a href="Factor_(Unix)" title="Factor (Unix)">factor</a></li>

<li><a href="True_and_false_(commands)" title="True and false (commands)">false</a></li>

<li><a href="Groups_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groups (Unix)">groups</a></li>

<li>hostid</li>

<li><a href="Logname" title="Logname">logname</a></li>

<li><a href="Nohup" title="Nohup">nohup</a></li>

<li>nproc</li>

<li>pathchk</li>

<li>pinky</li>

<li><a href="Printenv" class="mw-redirect" title="Printenv">printenv</a></li>

<li><a href="Printf" title="Printf">printf</a></li>

<li><a href="Readlink" class="mw-redirect" title="Readlink">readlink</a></li>

<li>runcon</li>

<li><a href="Sleep_(command)" title="Sleep (command)">sleep</a></li>

<li>stdbuf</li>

<li><a href="Timeout_(computing)" title="Timeout (computing)">timeout</a></li>

<li><a href="Uname" title="Uname">uname</a></li>

<li><a href="Unlink_(Unix)" title="Unlink (Unix)">unlink</a></li>

<li><a href="Uptime#coreutils" title="Uptime">uptime</a></li>

<li><a href="Users_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Users (Unix)">users</a></li>

<li><a href="Whoami" title="Whoami">whoami</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-12" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Ln_(Unix)&oldid=1295186972">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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